Chrome doesn't have its own proxy settings panel — it reads proxy configuration from your operating system, with one common workaround via extensions.
System-level setup
On Windows, Chrome uses the proxy settings under Settings > Network & Internet > Proxy. On macOS, it reads from System Settings > Network > Proxies. Changes here affect every app on the system, not just Chrome, since there's no separate browser-only setting.
Using a launch flag
You can also start Chrome from a shortcut or command line with a --proxy-server flag pointing at your proxy, which applies only to that browser session without touching system-wide settings — useful if you don't want to affect other apps.
Using an extension
Proxy switcher extensions let you store multiple proxies and toggle between them without touching OS settings at all, which is the most convenient option if you switch proxies often, though it does mean trusting a third-party extension with your traffic.